High-Q | English פסיכומטרי

Unit 9

Text I

Outside of psychology the notion of unconscious processing is widely attributed to Sigmund Freud, who did indeed make central use of the thesis in constructing his theory of personality dynamics. It is important to realize, however, that the proposition has a status independent of Freud's formulation, and that it is accepted by theorists who would reject the Freudian 5 theory. Indeed, much of the evidence for it rests upon studies of the physiological sensing mechanisms, rather than on the interpretations of dreams and the esoteric tangles of neurotic behavior. The proposition is strongly supported, for example, by studies of speech perception. The sound patterns which strike the ear can be analyzed by electronic techniques called 10 spectral analysis, and this reveals that the physical sound patterns associated with speech are continuous, very complex, and enormously varied. A given word or phrase can actually have a large number of different sound-wave patterns. In perceiving speech the mind operates to break the continuous wave stream into recognizable segments and to infer words and other units of meaning. Here the performance far outstrips what can be 15 done by conscious explicit calculation using even the largest and most sophisticated of computers, and, of course, the process proceeds without awareness or conscious direction. It is very important to note in the case of speech perception that the process is one which clearly requires the use of stored information or memory. It takes some time for the human organism to learn to recognize coherent speech, and even the 20 accomplished do so only within a particular language system. The operation of perceptual mechanisms, then, is such as to bring stored information to bear on incoming data in order to build the stable, integrated, meaningful content of conscious perception.

13. The words “the proposition” in line 4 refer to -

(1) Freud's theory of personality dynamics (2) theories opposing Freud's formulation (3) the notion of unconscious processing (4) interpretation of dreams

ההנחה ( proposition ) היא שקיים עיבוד חושי בצורה לא מודעת (עפ"י שורה 1.)

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