High-Q | English פסיכומטרי

Unit 2

Text I

There has always been a tradition of armed resistance to the British military and political occupation of Ireland. Inspired by the example of the American War of Independence and by the democratic ideals of the French Revolution, the United Irishmen of the 1790’s sought to unite the people of Ireland in a common effort to achieve equality and freedom. Choosing initially non-violent means to win their aims, 5 the United Irishmen quickly met with a repressive response from the British government. It was only then that they exercised their right as Irish people to defend their liberty by the use of arms. The Easter Rising of 1916, led by The Irish Volunteers, was the defining event in the history of Irish republicanism. Many would regard the Proclamation of the Republic 10 issued then as the founding document of the IRA. It declared an independent Republic and pledged republicans to “equal rights and equal opportunities” for all the Irish people. The Easter Rising was crushed after a week. Sixteen of its leaders were later executed by the British government. 15 undermined. In the General Election of 1918 an overwhelming majority of the Irish people voted for the Sinn Fein party, which sought to establish an Irish Republic. In January 1919 Sinn Fein had established an independent Irish parliament - Dail Eireann - and declared the sovereignty of Ireland as a Republic. They formed independent institutions including a functioning central government, ministerial departments and 20 republican courts of law. The Irish Volunteers became the Army of the Republic, under the Ministry of Defense and pledged its allegiance to Dail Eireann. The response from the British government was to ban all these institutions and declare war on the new Irish democracy. By then the faith of nationalists in the Home Rule party had been completely

13. The United Irishmen -

(1) wanted, at first, to achieve their aims in non-violent ways (2) took part in the American War of Independence (3) met with representatives of the British government (4) were responsible for the Easter Rising of 1916

שורה 3-5 : "... בבוחרם בתחילה אמצעים לא אלימים..."

14. The word “it” (line 10) refers to -

(1) The Easter Rising of 1916 (2) the IRA (3) the Proclamation of the Republic (4) Irish republicanism

"ההצהרה הכריזה על רפובליקה עצמאית..."

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