High-Q | 10 סימולציה

51

סימולציה מס' 01

פרק שלישי

– אנגלית

17. The main idea in the text is that - (1) using lasers for medical procedures has many benefits (2) lasers are an extremely advanced technology

(3) technology can improve medical care (4) new methods should replace old ones

Text II (Questions 18-22) National debt is the amount that the federal government owes, because of money it has borrowed by selling bonds. This is commonly known as the Federal Government Debt. It exists because the government's expenses frequently exceed its income from taxes. In such situations, the government sells bonds to get the extra money that it needs. The government must repay the amount of the bonds on a specified date, with interest. 5 The United States debt originated in the 1790s, when the new federal government assumed debts that individual states had run up during the Revolutionary War in America. Until the1980s, wars were the most common causes of increases in the national debt. For example, the federal debt was only $1 billion before World War I. The war raised it to $25 billion. By the end of World War II the national debt had risen to $259 billion. The Korean 10 War and the Vietnam War caused it to rise sharply again. However, between 1980 and 1985, major reductions in taxes and increases in defense spending contributed to a sharp rise in the debt. By 1992, the U.S. national debt was $4 trillion. Wars have also been responsible for high national debts in other countries. In 1867, the newly formed nation of Canada assumed the Canadian debt of $93 million. After increases 15 caused by Canada's participation in two world wars, the debt totaled $19 billion in the mid 1940s. By 1992, the Canadian national debt had risen to $476 billion. Public improvements, such as highways and dams, also increase the national debt. Some of these public works yield enough income to pay the principal and interest on the bonds issued to finance them. Other projects, such as roads, benefit the nation but do not 20 yield income.

Questions

18. According to the passage, national debt consists of - (1) federal taxes (2) federal expenditures (3) the annual federal budget (4) money owed on government bonds

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