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Reading Comprehension

19. In the third paragraph of the passage the “Baby Bag” device is criticized because - (1) it was not tight enough (2) it allowed the child to stand up (3) it was only suitable for very small children (4) it did not meet the legal requirements of the time

20. According to the passage, what is the greatest peril in a car accident?

(1) internal injuries caused by seat belt (2) hitting the dash board (3) climbing out of the vehicle (4) falling out of the car

TEXT 5

Each year, approximately 35,000 Americans join the waiting list for a heart transplant. But only the neediest 2,500 people receive hearts; many die waiting. In the future, some of these patients may be able to stay alive using the newest mechanical pumping devices to keep their damaged hearts working longer. 5 thumb. The device is implanted in the patient’s body below the heart and pumps blood continuously. “Other pumps attempt to duplicate the heart’s normal beat”, says Howard Frazier, a transplant surgeon at the Texas Heart Institute. “But we’ve found that’s difficult to do.” Pulsing heart pumps, such as Baxter Healthcare’s “Novacor”, require a special chamber that doubles the size of the pump. While pulsing pumps have been successfully transplanted into 10 thousands of people within the last years, few have stayed functional for more than a year. The first continuous-flow pumps were devised more than 20 years ago, “but projects to develop them have not been very well-funded,” says Frazier. There was concern that blood flowing into the heart continuously would damage blood cells, but studies have shown this does not happen. 15 Because of their small size, continuous-flow pumps are easier to implant, reducing the risk of infection. Some researchers hope that such pumps may eventually replace the need for some heart transplants altogether. However, problems such as the formation of blood clots around the devices have not yet been solved. One of the newest heart pumps, now being tested in patients across Europe, is as small as a

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