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Unit 8

11. A large portion of Africa’s population is doomed to starvation, despite international aid.

(1) International assistance will not prevent the suffering of many Africans from hunger. (2) International aid to Africa is useless, since most Africans will die of hunger. (3) Following the famine in Africa, international aid arrived at Africa, but still many Africans died from starvation. (4) Most Africans do not have enough food to eat, but the international aid might improve the situation.

12. Politicians are usually very good at evading the issue whenever they are asked a sensitive question.

(1) Politicians evaluate issues very well, especially sensitive ones. (2) Sensitive questions are addressed by politicians very often. (3) Politicians manage to avoid giving clear answers to sensitive questions. (4) Very good politicians are sensitive to evasions of questions.

Reading Comprehension This part consists of two passages, each followed by several related questions. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text .

Text I (Questions 13-17)

The test ban treaty of 1963 (SALT) prohibits nuclear weapons tests in the atmosphere, in outer space, and under water. While not banning tests underground, the agreement has played an important role in the effort to control nuclear armaments. In accepting limitations on testing, the nuclear powers also accepted as a common goal “an end to the contamination of man's environment by radioactive substances.” 5 Efforts to achieve a test ban agreement had extended over 8 years. They involved complex technical problems of verification and the difficulties of reconciling deep-seated differences in approach to arms control and security. The uneven progress of the negotiations reflected, moreover, contemporaneous fluctuations in East-West political relationships. 10 No arms control measure - prior to SALT, in any event - enlisted so intensely the sustained interest of the international community. The United States in November 1952, and the Soviet Union in August of the following year, exploded their first hydrogen devices, and rising concern about radioactive fallout and the prospect of even more powerful explosions spurred efforts to halt testing. Succeeding events gave the dangers of 15

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