High-Q | סימולציה 3

15

סימולציה מס' 3

אנגלית – פרק שון רא

Text II (Questions 18-22)

The debate over immigration is as old as the U.S. itself. “Despite the fact that almost all of us are immigrants or descendants of immigrants,” writes immigration scholar George J. Borjas, “American history is characterized by a never-ending debate over when to pull the ladder in.” Each of the waves of new immigrants - Irish in the 1840s, Chinese in the 1870s, Italians at the turn of the century, Cubans in the 1960s, Southeast Asians in the 5 1970s, and others - has had to live with the controversy they sparked among Americans, whose immigrant forebears arrived earlier. Many of the historical complaints about immigration are similar to those voiced today. The People’s Party platform of 1882 proclaimed: “We condemn the present system, which opens up our ports to the pauper and criminal classes of the world, and crowds out our 10 wage earners.” Borjas comments, “It seems that little has changed in the past hundred years. Today, the same accusations are hurled at illegal aliens, at boat people originating in Southeast Asia and Cuba, and at other unskilled immigrants.” A prevalent theme in the immigration debate is racism. Many people persist in believing that the latest immigrants to arrive in the U.S. are really inferior to those who 15 have dominated previous immigration waves. Around the turn of the century, for example, Francis Walker, president of MIT university, expressed the opinion of many people when he described the incoming Italians, Greeks, Poles and Russians as “beaten men from beaten races, representing the worst failures in the struggle for existence.” Racism also played a major role in the immigration laws passed in the 1920s. These laws severely limited 20 immigration from Asia, Latin America, and southern and eastern Europe. Their passage - the first time the U.S. had harshly restricted immigration - and eventual cancellation in 1965 are major turning points in the history of U.S. immigration.

Questions

18. The paradox mentioned in the first paragraph is that -

(1) America has undergone numerous waves of immigration (2) a country that is composed of immigrants sometimes restricts immigration (3) America is made up of numerous nationalities (4) most immigrants enter America illegally

19. When Borjas says that “little has changed in the past hundred years” (lines 11-12), he means that -

(1) the same disapproval of immigrants seen in the U.S. in the past is present today (2) the same countries which sent immigrants to the U.S. in the past are still doing so today (3) the level of immigration in the U.S. now is about the same as it was one hundred years ago (4) immigration laws in the U.S. have changed little in the past hundred years

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