High-Q | סימולציה 3

13

סימולציה מס' 3

אנגלית – פרק שון רא

12. The list of 20 th century music compositions that are included in the standard orchestral repertoire is very short indeed.

(1) The list of standard orchestral repertoire is not very long, so it can include only a few pieces of 20 th century music. (2) Only a few pieces of 20 th century music are regularly played by orchestras. (3) There are very few modern orchestras that are willing to regularly perform compositions written in the 20 th century. (4) Those pieces of 20 th century music that are regularly played by orchestras are usually quite short.

Reading Comprehension This part consists of two passages, each followed by several related questions. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text .

Text I (Questions 13-17)

In their book “Thinking For A Living”, Ray Marshall and Marc Tucker argue, that America’s poor economic progress relative to that of other industrialized countries since the 1970s is due to the failure of both the business sector and the education system to produce a highly educated and skilled workforce. They insist that “the key to both productivity and competitiveness is the skills of our people, and our capacity to use highly educated and 5 trained people to maximum advantage in the workplace.” U.S. Secretary of Labor Robert Reich agrees, noting that technological advances have turned many previously low-skill jobs into high-skill jobs, and have created new high-skill occupations. Reich asserts, that “workers without skills find their options shrinking. More than ever before, what you earn depends on what you learn.” 10 Others argue, that the U.S. economy and labor market do not require greatly increased numbers of high-skilled workers. For example, in an article in “Issues In Science And Technology” magazine, Lawrence Mishel reviews data on changes in the job structure, and concludes, that changes in neither the job mix nor the content of jobs have significantly raised the demand for workers with greater skills. On the contrary, they conclude that “the 15 skills-shortage thesis considerably exaggerates the limited upgrading actually happening in contemporary workplaces. The job structure is changing rather slowly and irregularly.” Examining patterns in wage data, Mishel also finds that the wages of highly skilled workers have not increased in recent years, as they would have if such workers were in great demand. They argue that “conclusions made from the wage data are quite consistent with 20 the analysis that there has been only moderate growth in skill requirements in recent years.” The ability of U.S. workers to function in an increasingly technological workplace has profound implications for the economic future of the country. Whether and how to match skills training to the needs of business are among the strategies for educating the nation’s workforce that are presently being disputed in America’s schools and businesses. 25

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